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The guide rail on the machine tool is divided into two kinds: linear rail and hard rail, the accuracy of the linear rail is higher than that of the hard guideway, but the hard rail is more durable and durable.

1. Linear guideway

It is our common linear guide rail, the linear guide rail itself is divided into two parts: the slide rail and the slider, the slider has an internal circulation of balls or rollers, and the length of the slide rail can be customized. It is a modular component, a standardized series of individual products produced by specialized manufacturers, which can be installed on the machine tool and disassembled and replaced after wear. The linear rail is rolling friction, which is fast, has low resistance, and is also convenient for lubrication.

Advantages of Linear Guideways:

1. The assembly is convenient and simple, and the high-quality assembly can be completed with a little training. Because the accuracy of the machine tool is determined by the accuracy of the transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism is generally composed of a linear rail and a screw rod, that is to say, the accuracy of the linear rail and the screw rod itself determines the accuracy of the machine tool, and the linear rail and the screw rod are generally in the form of standard parts, as long as you choose the corresponding accuracy provided by the manufacturer, there will generally be no big problem.

2. There is a lot of room for choice, whether it is from the structural form or accuracy level of the line rail, the lubrication method or the load-bearing capacity, the processing method to the running speed and other parameters can be selected, you can choose according to the specific situation of the machine tool you design, arbitrarily configure the line rail model you need.

3. The running speed is fast, and now the running speed of many machine tools is extremely fast, especially the idle speed, which largely depends on the credit of the linear rail, because the operation mode of rolling friction and high-precision processing effectively ensure the accuracy and stability of the high-speed operation of the machine tool, and greatly improve the processing efficiency and machining accuracy.

4. High processing accuracy, because the line rail is a standard commodity, both the material and the processing method have entered a benign controllable range, so in many finishing field machine tools, most of them use high-precision line rail as the machine tool guide rail, which also greatly ensures the machining accuracy of the machine tool. These brands are greatly enriched and meet the needs of the market for a variety of different requirements of the line rail, and I personally like to choose Japanese THK, which has stable performance and fine workmanship, but the price is high.

5. Long service life, because the operation mode of the linear rail is rolling friction, the steel ball in the slider drives the movement of the feed parts by rolling on the track, and the friction borne by this rolling friction is much smaller than that of the hard rail, so whether it is the transmission efficiency or service life, the linear rail is much more ideal than the hard rail. 6. The maintenance cost is low, whether it is from the maintenance cost or the convenience of maintenance, the line rail has its natural advantages and convenience, because as a standard part, the replacement form of the line rail is the same as the replacement of a screw, of course, there are some recovery adjustments in accuracy, but compared with the hard rail, it is really convenient.

7. The delivery cycle is short, and the general delivery cycle of the line rail can be completed within half a month, unless you choose a foreign brand, such as Rexroth and THK, in fact, these two brands also have corresponding processing plants in China, as long as the line rail model you choose is not very biased, basically the delivery time of about half a month can still be guaranteed, and the line rail of Taiwan Shangyin can even achieve a one-week delivery cycle, but the same hard rail does not have such a good time control ability, if the action is relatively large, For example, if you want to recast, the cycle may be more than a few months.

Disadvantages of the linear guideway

1. The bearing capacity is relatively small, this relatively small is only for the hard rail, in fact, the line rail of many large factories has greatly improved its bearing capacity through some structural design, of course, it is still relatively small compared to the bearing capacity of the hard rail.

2. The smoothness is relatively weak compared to the hard rail, such as the ability to resist vibration, etc., but I still want to emphasize that this weakness is relative to the hard rail, in fact, the stability of many linear rails is also very good, as long as the equipment you design is not too special requirements, it is generally able to meet the needs.

3. Special attention should be paid to the protection of the line rail in the process of transportation and assembly, because as a standard part, its unique structural characteristics make it in an embarrassing situation that is relatively easy to be damaged, such as the shape is slender and the rigidity of the line rail is insufficient, and it is easy to bend and deform when extruded, resulting in the loss of accuracy; For example, because it is a steel part, if it is not treated with anti-rust, it is easy to produce rust and corrosion when it comes into contact with water or other solvents during transportation and assembly, resulting in loss of accuracy.

2. Hard guideway

The guide rail and the bed of the hard rail are integrated castings, and then the guide rail is processed on that basis, and then processed into a guide rail after quenching and grinding. Now there are also beds and guide rails that are not necessarily integrated, such as inlaid steel guide rails, which are nailed to the bed after processing. The hard rail is the guide rail is sliding friction, with good rigidity and strong bearing capacity.

Advantages of hard guideway:

1. It can withstand larger loads, and is suitable for roughing machine tools with large cutting volume and large feed.

2. Because of the large contact area of the guide rail, the machine tool runs more smoothly and is suitable for machine tools with high vibration requirements for the machine tool, such as grinding machines.

Disadvantages of hard guideway:

1. The material is uneven, because it is generally casting, so the material is prone to sand inclusion, porosity, looseness and other casting defects, if there are these defects on the guide rail surface, the service life of the guide rail and the accuracy of the machine tool are very adversely affected.

2. It is difficult to process, because this type of guide rail is generally connected with the main components of the machine tool such as the base, column, workbench, saddle, etc., so in the processing process, its shape and position tolerance, rough excess requirements, aging treatment, quenching treatment and other processes are difficult to control, resulting in the processing quality of the parts can not meet the requirements of assembly.

3. The assembly is difficult, the meaning of the word "assembly" is to install and match, and the process of this matching is a process of combining technology and physical strength, which is not something that ordinary workers can complete, and the assembly workers who need a relative number of technology and a considerable grasp of the overall accuracy of the machine tool can be completed, and at the same time, they also need to be equipped with shovel blades, flat rulers, angle rulers, square rulers, dial gauges, dial gauges and other corresponding tools to complete.

4. The service life is not long, this can only be relatively speaking, under the same maintenance and use conditions, the service life of the general hard rail is less than the service life of the line rail, which has a lot to do with their mode of movement, the hard rail is running by sliding friction, and the line rail is running by rolling friction, from the point of view of the friction, the friction of the hard rail is much greater than the friction of the line rail, especially in the case of insufficient lubrication, the friction of the hard rail is even worse.

5. The maintenance cost is too high, the maintenance of the hard rail is far greater than the maintenance of the line rail in terms of difficulty and maintenance cost, if the shovel scraping allowance is insufficient, it may involve the dismantling of all the large parts of the machine tool, quenching treatment and machining from the new, and even more may have to recast the large piece, and the wire gauge as long as the corresponding line rail can be replaced, basically will not greatly affect the use of related large parts.

6. The running speed of the machine tool is low, and the hard rail can not withstand too fast running speed because of its movement mode and excessive friction, which is contrary to the current processing concept. In particular, many factory workers do not have the corresponding maintenance knowledge of machine tools, many times they only know the use of machine tools, but to a large extent ignore the maintenance of machine tools, and the maintenance of machine tool track is the top priority, once the track lubrication is not sufficient, it will cause track burning or wear transition, which is fatal to the accuracy of machine tools. Linear guideways are often referred to as rolling guides, often referred to as "linear guides". The linear guide itself is divided into two parts: the slide rail and the slide. There are balls or rollers with internal circulation in the slide, and the length of the slide can be customized. It is a modular component, a standardized series of individual products produced by specialized manufacturers, which can be installed on the machine tool and disassembled and replaced after wear. The linear rail is rolling friction, which is fast, has low resistance, and is also convenient for lubrication.

3. How to choose

For example, if I need to process a mold, then I must choose a hard rail machine tool, so that the rigidity can be enough, if I want to process some parts or products, then I must choose a linear rail machining center, so that the processing speed is faster and more precise